FIRE GUARD OF THE CITY OF DONETSK: PAST AND PRESENT

The article presents the results of a study of the formation, transformation, and current state of the fire protection and civil defense system in the city of Donetsk (Yuzovka, Stalino) from the mid-19th century to the 2020s. A retrospective analysis has shown that the development of the Donetsk fire department system is closely linked to the history of the region's development and settlement, the pivotal events of the 20th and 21st centuries, and the social policies implemented by the authorities of Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union, Ukraine, and the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of the Donetsk fire department system directly depends on the stability of the state, the technical equipment of the institution, and the dedication of its personnel.