Posterior self-expanding stand-alone cage: outcomes in degenerative disc disease

Introduction : Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and lumbar facet joint pathology are leading causes of chronic back pain, predominantly affecting older adults due to cumulative spinal degeneration. Lumbar spondylosis, a key manifestation of DDD, contributes to mechanical instability, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication, significantly impairing mobility and quality of life. Aim : To investigate the efficacy of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with hydroxyapatite cages in improving functional outcomes and spinal stability in degenerative disc disease. Materials and methods : A retrospective review of 57 patients (mean age: 42.29±11.26 years; 75% male) undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) for single- or two-level lumbar DDD with ≥16.76 months follow-up was conducted. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), while radiographic parameters included intervertebral disc height and fusion stability. Results : Postoperative analysis showed a disc height increase (16.69 to 35.59), significant RMQ improvement (14.76 to 3.76), and ODI reduction (50.47% to 16.74%), reflecting a 34% disability improvement. Conclusion : Minimally invasive PLIF with hydroxyapatite cages effectively restores spinal height, enhances stability, and improves functional outcomes, presenting a viable alternative to traditional fusion techniques.