Plasmonic metamaterials for multi-effect enhancement: bridging optical, electronic, thermal, and acoustic domains

Plasmonic metamaterials integrate subwavelength structural design with nanoscale field–matter interactions to deliver functionalities beyond intrinsic materials. Progress in nanofabrication and hybrid material integration increasingly enables coupled optical, electronic, thermal, and acoustic responses within a unified multi-effect framework. This review summarizes key mechanisms, design rules, and representative applications from sensing and photodetection to catalysis, integrated circuits, imaging/therapy, and information functions. It further outlines near-term opportunities toward integrative, programmable plasmonic systems.