SME Logistics Transformation: Strategic Integration of Digital Twins into Indonesia's National Logistics Ecosystem for Enhanced Global Competitiveness

Archipelagic logistics in Indonesia is fundamentally constrained by profound geographical fragmentation and systemic structural failures, most notably manifested in the persistent "return cargo paradox" within the Eastern regions. Despite substantial infrastructure subsidies via the national "Sea Toll" program, the disconnect between physical connectivity and digital orchestration remains a primary inhibitor of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) competitiveness. This research elucidates the socio-technical orchestration of Digital Twin (DT) technology within the National Logistics Ecosystem (NLE) to catalyze a systemic transformation of SME logistics, specifically targeting the expansion of domestic market penetration and international export capacity. Adhering to the rigorous PRISMA 2020 protocol, 28 high-impact studies were synthesized from a systematic Scopus identification pool of 1,923 records (2018–2026). The analysis employs a multidimensional framework grounded in the General Theory of Piping Transportation (GTPT) and Darwisman’s Paradigm to deconstruct supply chain bottlenecks and information asymmetries. The findings establish a critical "Digital Maturity Gap"; while the NLE optimizes G2G administrative workflows, a strategic void exists in the real-time predictive synchronization of SME-to-market operations. Crucially, the study identifies that achieving a mandatory 60.0% digital interoperability threshold is a prerequisite to eliminate "information clogs" and trigger non-linear efficiency gains. Below this threshold, digital investments result in descriptive "Digital Shadows" rather than proactive, value-generating Digital Twins. We propose an "Integrated Predictive Resilience" model, governed by a proposed National Supply Chain Agency, designed to bridge the documented 16.2% digital literacy gap and provide "Digital Provenance" to bolster international buyer trust. This strategic orchestration is projected to reduce national logistics costs to 14.0% of GDP by 2026, thereby fostering industrial sovereignty and ensuring sustainable market expansion within the global value chain.