A Green Approach for the Fabrication of CdFe ₂ O ₄ ‐Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite using Glossy Privet Extract for Photocatalytic, Antibacterial, and Electrochemical Properties

ABSTRACT The fabrication of virgin and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) combined with CdFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing Glossy Privet bark extract is presented here. In order to investigate the structural, vibrational, optical, and morphological information, the synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using a variety of analytical techniques. Using Tauc's formula, the band gap values have been determined. The methyl green (MG) cationic dye is degraded effectively by both photocatalysts. To verify the MG dye degradation percentage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) study using both photocatalyst materials has been examined. The antibacterial study was conducted using two samples of gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria in order to determine the antibacterial capability. The electrochemical performance of CdFe 2 O 4 ‐rGO was also compared with its individual components, CdFe 2 O 4 and rGO, using galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses. At a fixed current density, the composite demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance, which is significantly higher than that of pristine CdFe 2 O 4 and rGO. The CdFe 2 O 4 ‐rGO electrode showed excellent rate capability and good cycling stability with efficient capacitance retention after 2000 cycles. CV and Dunn's analysis confirmed a mixed charge storage mechanism with increasing capacitive contribution at higher scan rates. These results indicate that CdFe 2 O 4 ‐rGO is a promising material for high‐performance energy storage applications.