THE IMPORTANCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

This article examines the importance of microorganisms in the environment, their role in ecological systems, and their key functions in the biosphere. Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycles, including carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles, and play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter. They also contribute to soil fertility, natural water purification processes, and the maintenance of biogeochemical balance. The article discusses both beneficial and harmful effects of microorganisms, including pathogenic forms and their impact on environmental and human health. The findings highlight the indispensable role of microorganisms in maintaining ecosystem stability.