A wideband modified triangular patch antenna for 5 G Sub-6 GHz applications with omnidirectional characteristics

• A Wideband MTPA sized 46 × 51 × 1.6 mm³ is designed on FR-4 for 5G Sub-6 GHz applications. • Stepped triangular patch and slotted ground enhance bandwidth and gain. • Achieves wide 2.39–4.44 GHz (2.05 GHz) bandwidth with excellent −62.28 dB return loss. • Peak gain of 4.12 dBi with 92% high radiation efficiency. • Five design stages optimized impedance, radiation, and overall performance. This work presents a modified triangular shaped patch antenna with a slotted partial ground plane for 5G Sub 6-GHz applications. The antenna design is inspired by a triangle shape patch which is fed using a 50 Ω microstrip feedline. At the beginning of the design, an isosceles triangular patch antenna with full ground plane is designed. To obtain wide bandwidth and high gain, the triangular shaped patch is modified by incorporating stepped rectangular structures at the bottom of the patch and the full ground plane is modified to a slotted partial ground plane. The proposed antenna’s full EM simulation is conducted on CST Studio Suite 2019. It is designed and fabricated on a commonly available dielectric substrate named FR-4 with a thickness of 1.6mm. The radiating patch and ground plane is designed and fabricated using 0.035mm thin copper plane. Parametric analyses are performed on different parts of the antenna to obtain the optimized dimension for each part that contributed to overall antenna performance enhancement. The antenna’s optimized dimension is 46 ☓ 51 ☓ 1.6mm 3 . It covers n77 and n78 band of 5G-Sub 6 GHz communication systems since it offers an impedance bandwidth of 2.05 GHz which ranges from 2.39 GHz to 4.44 GHz. To validate the simulation results, the fabricated antenna is measured using the vector network analyzer where it shows strong agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, the proposed antenna’s key performances were compared with recent works to show its advantages for 5G Sub 6-GHz applications.