Automatic and robust wrapping for complex defective model

Purpose Generating watertight and orientable surfaces from 3D inputs such as triangle soups presents several challenges. In many cases, triangle- and vertex-normal information is required to construct a consistent surface, yet reliable orientation cues are often unavailable. For models containing internal structures, preserving these interior regions is particularly difficult. Design/methodology/approach To address these issues, we present an automatic method that generates watertight, orientable manifolds for complex inputs. We first construct the model's outer surface and retain the tetrahedral mesh to enable subsequent inner wrapping. To build the inner wrapping surface, we introduce a layer-concealment process that mitigates interference from the outer structure. We then restart the wrapping procedure with additional Steiner points inserted around the inner region. Finally, a global carving step extracts both the outer and inner surfaces. Findings We evaluate our method on a variety of complex models, and the results demonstrate robust performance. Originality/value Given a triangle soup with possible inner structure, we present an automatic and robust algorithm to generate proper watertight and manifold surface mesh. We tend to deal with the complex defective input and provide surface meshes of different regions for subsequent computations. We generate the menbrane-like layer around input geometry and thereby extract these wrapping surfaces from both inside and outside.