Congenital Cutaneous Pyogenic Granuloma Mimicking Occipital Encephalocele: A Case Report and Literature Review

Congenital lobular capillary hemangioma or cutaneous pyogenic granuloma is rare and can occur on the head. A differential diagnosis may include occipital encephalocele. A full-term newborn presented with a tumor in the occipital region. An ultrasound at 26 weeks’ gestation showed a large occipital mass, and the main hypothesis was that it was an encephalocele. Surgical excision was performed, and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of congenital cutaneous pyogenic granuloma with negative GLUT-1 and positive CD34 immunohistochemistry. Congenital pyogenic granuloma is rare and is usually multiple, friable, pedunculated, or a tumorous lesion that tends to grow and develop new lesions after the 6 th month of life. In the case reported herein, the granuloma was solitary and presented as a sessile, friable, and ulcerative mass in the occipital region. Surgical excision was performed, and, unlike some neural tube defects, it has a good prognosis.