Reconstruction of cantilever stone staircases in the architecture of St. Petersburg. Part 3: how to calculate a straight flight staircase with plane treads

Objective: to provide additional case studies of verification analysis for cantilever stone staircases in the context of structural surveys. Materials and methods: the case studies employ mathematical modelling techniques and draw on empirical data obtained from prior investigations. Results: the selected examples highlighted distinctive aspects of these structures. The analyses and interpretation of the findings have been carried out with consideration of their future implementation in practical projects. Practical significance: this paper aims to furnish practicing engineers with methodological guidance to support the conservation of historically valuable structures.