Causes, treatment and outcome of external ear canal tears and avulsions in cats and dogs: 24 cases (2008‒2024)

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the causes, treatment options and associated complications of ear canal tears and avulsions in dogs and cats. METHODS: This retrospective clinical study includes 14 cats and 10 dogs diagnosed with external ear canal tears and avulsions using otoscopy and/or computed tomography. Information extracted from the relevant clinical records included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging findings, surgical procedures performed and complications. RESULTS: The most common cause of ear canal tears and avulsions was acute trauma (17/24 cases). In 92% (22/24) of the cases, an interruption of ear canal continuity was visible on otoscopy: in five cases, complete avulsion occurred; in 12 cases, partial avulsion occurred; and in six cases, a perforating tear occurred. Nine patients underwent a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, seven underwent vertical ear canal ablation, and two patients underwent primary repair of the ear canal. Six patients died or were euthanased within the first 14 days after presentation, and 18 patients were discharged. Short-term follow-up identified two minor complications and four major complications requiring revision surgery. Long-term follow-up data were available for 13 patients, of which three had persistent facial nerve paralysis. LIMITATIONS: Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the surgical treatment options elected depended on surgeon's preference. Outcome was further influenced by owners electing euthanasia due to financial constraints and comorbidities related to their inciting injury. CONCLUSION: Traumatic external ear canal tears and avulsions appear to result in a favourable outcome when treated surgically.