Barriers to Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Among Physicians, Nurses, and Pharmacists: A Scoping Review Comparing High-Income Versus Low-/Middle-Income Countries
: Barriers extend beyond individual knowledge in all settings. The main income group difference was the greater prominence of reporting system access barriers in LMICs compared with workflow and time pressure barriers in HICs. Addressing fear and building a supportive non-punitive reporting culture remains a cross-cutting priority because these were common issues in both income groups and can limit reporting even when infrastructure and training exist.
Authors
- Muhammad Bilal Maqsood (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-0350)
- Rina Tripathi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3785-6860)
- Salman Ashfaq Ahmad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0866-7040)
- Pushp Lata Rajpoot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-7996)
- Hemalatha Thanganadar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-9743)
- Khalid Mubarak Orayj (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-2306)
- Muath Ahmed Aldomini
- Asaad Ahmed Asaad Khalil
- Mohammed Ali Kaddoura
- Reham Bakhsh
- Azfar Athar Ishaqui
Institutions
- University of Sindh (PK)
- Iqra University (PK)
- Umm al-Qura University (SA)
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital (SA)
- Ministry of Health (MM)
- Dammam Central Hospital (SA)
- King Faisal University (SA)
- King Khalid University (SA)
- Jazan University (SA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Healthcare
- Published
- 2026-04-02
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14070930
- Primary Topic
- Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00