Learning engagement index for enhancing learner engagement ownership in facilitator-led virtual learning

Purpose This paper aims to propose a learning engagement index (LEI) to strengthen learners’ ownership of engagement in facilitator-led virtual learning sessions. Design/methodology/approach This study used a mixed-method design including literature review, semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions and a learner survey. Findings The study identified six factors and 16 indicators for measuring LEI. Proposed six factors are quality of questions, quality of output during activities, connection to practical examples, team dynamics, intrinsic motivation and a supportive environment. Practical implications By integrating qualitative and quantitative insights, the study introduces an evidence-based tool for enhancing learner learning engagement ownership (LLEO) and guiding facilitator design. Originality/value The study contributes to the learning engagement domain by suggesting LEI for LLEO. The study’s novelty lies in measuring engagement and introducing ownership competencies.