Environmental Assessment of Community Readiness for Cattle Waste Management as Needs as an Energy Transition to Climate Change

The adoption of biogas technology in smallholder livestock systems is increasingly recognized as a dual solution for rural energy transition and livestock waste management; however, actual implementation remains limited due to low community readiness, particularly driven by knowledge gaps and resource constraints. This study examines the determinants of community readiness for biogas adoption in rural Indonesia, addressing the limited attention of prior studies to readiness factors at the household level. A cross-sectional survey of 98 smallholder cattle farmers was conducted using structured questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression to identify key determinants of readiness. The results indicate generally positive perceptions toward biogas, with knowledge, prior waste processing experience, perception scores, education level, and herd size significantly influencing readiness (p < 0.05). While awareness of biogas benefits and willingness to process manure emerged as key drivers, limited technical knowledge and time and cost constraints remained major barriers, suggesting an awareness–adoption gap. These findings align with behavioral adoption frameworks, highlighting the roles of knowledge, perceived benefits, and enabling conditions in shaping adoption readiness. Policy interventions emphasizing capacity-building, financial incentives, and adaptable biogas technologies are therefore essential to support rural adoption.