Ballistic and drop-weight impact response of SS304 metal mesh embedded woven flax/hemp fiber hybrid composites

This research looks over the way hybrid natural fiber composites reinforced with woven SS304 wire mesh and flax-hemp yarns behave under low and high speed impacts. The hand lay-up approach was used to create hybrid laminates with alkali-treated flax fibers serving as the main reinforcement and epoxy resin serving as the matrix. The interlaminar strength and energy absorption capability of the stainless-steel mesh were enhanced by weaving it with hemp and flax strands. S1 (Flax/SS304/Flax) and S2 (Flax/SS304/Flax with woven hemp-flax yarns) are the two stacking sequences that were developed. Drop heights of 0.5 m and 1 m were used for low-velocity impact examinations, while a gas-gun apparatus was used for high-velocity ballistic evaluations. Based on the results, the woven hybrid structure (S2) outperformed the non-woven design (S1) in impact and ballistic performance, with energy absorption rates up to 25% higher and specific energy absorption rates 20% higher. The incorporation of SS304 mesh enhanced delamination resistance and localized load redistribution, while the utilization of hemp fibers permitted ductile deformation and delayed fracture development. Metal mesh and natural fibers worked together to improve crashworthiness and damage tolerance through a controlled, gradual failure mechanism. The results show that hybrid composites made of wire mesh and natural fibers can be a viable, lightweight alternative to traditional structural and ballistic protection materials.