Cryoablation as a Treatment Option for Early-Stage Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Lung Metastases: A Narrative Review of Recent Literature

Cryoablation has emerged as a promising treatment option for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and lung metastases. This narrative review examines recent literature on cryoablation's efficacy, safety, and outcomes in treating lung tumors. The review analyzes data from multiple clinical trials and observational studies, focusing on local tumor control rates, overall survival, and complications. Results indicate that cryoablation achieves high local tumor control rates, ranging from 85% to 97% at one year, for both primary NSCLC and pulmonary metastases. Overall survival rates are comparable to surgical resection, with one-year rates up to 97.7% reported in some studies. Cryoablation offers several advantages over traditional treatments, including cost-effectiveness, shorter hospital stays, and the ability to treat multiple tumors in a single session. It is particularly beneficial for patients who are poor surgical candidates or those who have previously undergone lung surgery. While pneumothorax remains a notable complication, its occurrence is generally manageable. The review concludes that cryoablation is a viable alternative to surgery and radiation therapy for select patients with lung tumors. However, further research is needed to establish its long-term efficacy and optimize patient selection criteria.