Board of Directors’ Characteristics, Political Connection and Risk Disclosure: Evidence from an Emerging Market Context

This research examines Jordanian risk disclosure policies and how board size, meeting frequency, CEO duality, and board expertise affect them, exploring how political ties moderate the link between board features and risk disclosure. In 2014–2023, the research examined 90 non-financial enterprises registered on the Amman Stock Exchange, yielding 900 firm-year observations. Word-based manual content analysis quantifies risk disclosure. The postulated associations are tested using moderate regression. The board’s competence positively affects risk disclosure. CEO dual function hurts risk disclosure. However, the findings did not suggest that board size or meeting frequency affect risk disclosure. Political ties modify the board of directors’ relationship with business risk disclosure, according to the research. This research examines how board of directors’ characteristics affect risk disclosure processes in non-financial enterprises in Jordan, adding to the little knowledge. This research is one of the first empirical studies of political ties as a moderating factor in Jordan’s non-financial sector. The 2014–2023 study examines governance trends before and after the 2018 corporate governance rule reform. The findings improve understanding of board oversight systems and business risk disclosure.