A hybrid multi-criteria simulation model of green supply chain components

Objective: to develop a hybrid multi-criteria simulation model for a green supply chain aimed at identifying an optimal combination of green logistics tools. Methods: an analysis of current approaches that integrate multi-criteria decision-making methods with simulation modelling and linear programming was performed. The research explored the application of multi-criteria simulation models to represent the dynamic interactions among green supply chain indicators, material flow parameters, and green logistics tools. Amajor drawback of current integrated models lies in the selection of green logistics instruments: they often omit comprehensive assessments of sustainability indicators specific to each supply chain component and inadequately incorporate constraints arising from logistics resources. Consequently, creating a unified framework that combines multi-criteria analysis, optimization techniques, and simulation modelling is essential to advance the sustainability of green supply chains. Results: a method for integrating multi- criteria analysis, linear programming, and simulation modelling techniques has been proposed. Practical significance: the model developed in this research facilitates multi-criteria decision-making regarding the selection and application of effective green logistics tools within the supply chain.