Biotechnological Advances in Taxol Production: An In-Depth Review

Abstract: The production of Taxol, a potent anticancer agent, has undergone significant advancements in biotechnology. Originally derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxol has proven effective in treating various cancers, including breast and ovarian cancer. However, traditional extraction methods have posed ecological and economic challenges due to low yields and harm to yew tree populations. However, extracting paclitaxel from natural sources poses significant challenges due to low yields and environmental concerns. Alternative methods, such as semi-synthesis and total synthesis, have been explored but face economic and practical limitations. The development of paclitaxel has undergone significant milestones since its discovery in the 1960s. Despite initial success, the market for this anticancer agent has experienced fluctuations, prompting ongoing research into more sustainable production methods and formulations. Recent breakthroughs in biotechnology offer alternative approaches to Taxol production. Plant cell and suspension cultures aim to enhance production sustainably, mitigate environmental concerns, and deliver a more consistent, economically viable supply.