Enhanced imitation learning of robust nonlinear model predictive control via temporal convolutional neural network for DC shipboard microgrid

score near unity, a mean squared error of 0.07, and a fast inference time of 10 ms, making it suitable for real-time deployment. In a controller-hardware-in-the-loop test, the temporal convolutional neural network controller achieved rapid voltage restoration post-disturbance within 22.4 ms with reduced overshoot to 1.67%. Extensive control comparison with a state-of-the-art controller demonstrates that the proposed controller reduces overshoot by 62% and achieves a 53.25% faster voltage settling time.