Autistic Adolescent Perspectives on Internet Threats: Findings from an Exploratory Pilot Study

Abstract Background Autistic adolescents are particularly vulnerable to being victims of Internet threats. Despite growing research on adolescents' digital lives and their exposure to Internet threats, the perspectives of autistic adolescents about Internet threats they experience remain underrepresented in empirical studies. Objective This exploratory qualitative pilot study aimed to explore autistic adolescents’ perspectives on Internet threats using the 4 CO:RE Classification of Online Risks to Children—content, contact, conduct, and contract—along with crosscutting risks. Methods Six autistic adolescents aged 16 to 19 years participated in this exploratory qualitative pilot study via Zoom semi-structured individual interviews. The 4 CO:RE Classification framework served as the organizing framework for thematic analysis, supported by a Discourse-informed theoretical lens. Results The participants shared their perspectives of Internet content, contact, conduct, and contract threats and threats that were cross-cutting in nature. Autistic adolescents perceived Internet threats had manifestations across the Discourses (social media, online games, and online advertisements) and dimensions (aggressive, sexual, values). They experienced or had exposure to Internet threats such as violence, pornography, cyberbullying, inappropriate and unsolicited sexual behaviors, age-inappropriate marketing, and privacy risks which had adverse effects such as emotional distress. Conclusions This study highlights that using a comprehensive framework such as the 4 CO:RE Classification, offers a deeper understanding of the specific Internet threats faced by autistic adolescents and provides a foundation for researchers, educators, and policymakers to better support their digital rights and wellbeing. These insights are essential for shaping future approaches that promote safe, confident, and supported online engagement for all adolescents including neurodiverse young people.