Fractionated ethanolic red ginger extract as antibacterial agent against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcommitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis: In silico and in vitro studies

Background: var. rubrum) exhibits antibacterial potential; however, data on fractionated extracts and their interaction with specific virulence proteins remain limited. Objective: and in vitro approaches. Methods: , with chlorhexidine as reference. In vitro assays determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), bacterial adherence, biofilm formation, and viability. Results: . Significant reductions in bacterial adherence, biofilm formation, and viability were observed at concentrations of 0.031-0.125 mg/mL. Conclusion: Fractionated ethanolic red ginger extract demonstrates promising antibacterial activity against key periodontal pathogens by targeting virulence mechanisms related to adhesion and biofilm formation, supporting its potential as a natural adjunct in periodontal therapy.