Electromagnetic methods and technologies in geological prospecting for minerals

In the context of the ever-increasing universal demand for mineral resources, which is caused, among other things, by the increasing complexity of geological exploration, highly efficient and technological methods of searching for new mineral reserves are becoming particularly relevant. Electromagnetic methods based on the principles of induction and measurement of the response of the geological environment to an electromagnetic field are one of the most dynamically developing areas in geophysics. They make it possible to identify and evaluate deposits of various minerals remotely, with high detail and at considerable depths: from conducting ore bodies (copper, nickel, polymetals) to hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of key electromagnetic technologies used in geological exploration. A brief overview of the history of the development of electro- and magnetic exploration is presented, which helps to more accurately represent the evolution of methods for exploring the Earth's interior. The role of electromagnetic methods in solving applied problems of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental monitoring is considered, which underlines their interdisciplinary influence. Promising development vectors related to the minimization of equipment and an increase in the depth of research are outlined.