Engineering Strategies of Colloidal Drug Delivery Systems, a Rising Star in Ocular Neovascular Diseases

Ocular neovascular diseases represent a major cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide, while the complex ocular barrier system significantly limits the efficacy of conventional treatment approaches. In this context, colloidal drug delivery systems (CDDSs) have emerged as an innovative nanomedicine strategy that demonstrates remarkable advantages in enhancing ocular drug bioavailability and treatment precision through the integration of sustained release, active targeting, and stimulus-responsive functional modules. This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in CDDSs for treating ocular neovascular diseases, with a particular focus on design strategies and mechanisms for overcoming physiological barriers and achieving lesion-specific drug delivery. Furthermore, it provides in-depth analysis of key challenges in current clinical translation. With ongoing technological advancements, CDDSs are expected to offer breakthrough solutions for treating ocular neovascular diseases, ultimately leading to significant improvements in patients' visual prognosis and quality of life.