Synthesis of atomically dispersed catalysts via hydrogen embrittlement-like assisted thermal activation for acidic oxygen reduction

-assisted thermal activation process. Consequently, the prepared NC-Ru-950 catalyst achieves satisfactory activity and stability for acidic oxygen reduction and proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This work introduces a robust and universal strategy for stabilizing 4d and 5d transition metals as single-atom catalysts, offering a promising route to develop high-performance electrocatalysts.