Revealing Practice-Based Challenges in Façade Engineering: Insights from Global Experts

Façade engineering is a specialized construction discipline that faces distinct technical and process-driven challenges. Unlike other construction trades that rely on standardized methods, façade delivery involves complex interactions between material performance, design intent, and sustainability requirements. This study investigates these challenges through qualitative thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with 15 international façade experts. The findings reveal that, although some issues mirror those in the broader construction industry, façade engineering exhibits unique and more acute obstacles. Expert insights highlight persistent gaps in digital integration, sustainability implementation, and professional training. The adoption of Building Information Modeling and Artificial Intelligence remains limited due to the bespoke and performance-based nature of façade systems, while sustainability goals often conflict with cost and esthetic priorities. Furthermore, significant variations exist between consultants and contractors: consultants struggle with constructability awareness and design–budget alignment, whereas contractors face pressures from cost efficiency, tender complexity, and fragmented digital practices. Additionally, the lack of formal training and education in the industry poses a crucial challenge. Finally, the paper offers a path forward for future research with the aim of enhancing the integration of digital technologies and sustainable solutions in façade engineering.