Effects of Kegel Exercises on Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common health condition among women. Pelvic floor muscle training is used to increase pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to explore the effects of Kegel exercises on women with UI. METHODS: "PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CINAHL" were searched from inception to October 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administering Kegel exercises to women with UI, compared with active or passive comparators, and consisting of at least one outcome measure assessing UI were selected. The "Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool" was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. RESULTS: = 82%]. Other outcomes revealed significant improvements, especially when Kegel exercises were combined with other treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for the effects of Kegel exercises on UI is limited. Further studies are warranted to explore the effects of Kegel exercises on women with different health and medical characteristics.