Histopathological analysis of esophageal biopsies obtained via endoscopy at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Esophageal lesions encompass a wide spectrum of non-neoplastic, pre-neoplastic, and malignant conditions, with endoscopic biopsy serving as the cornerstone of diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to study the histopathological spectrum of esophageal lesions and correlate malignant lesions with age, sex, and clinical presentation. Materials and Methods: A descriptive histopathological study was conducted on 80 endoscopic esophageal biopsy specimens. Lesions were classified and correlated with demographic parameters and clinical features. Results: Neoplastic lesions were identified in 52 cases, of which 49 were malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant malignancy, most commonly affecting males aged 61–70 years. Dysphagia was the most frequent presenting symptom. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of endoscopic esophageal biopsies provides definitive diagnosis and valuable clinicopathological correlation, emphasizing its role in early detection and management of esophageal malignancies.