Baseline atmospheric deposition of mercury in a caribbean industrial-coastal area: A case study from Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba

). The results demonstrate that atmospheric Hg deposition in tropical coastal-industrial regions is strongly controlled by the superposition of regional background inputs and localized anthropogenic sources. These findings provide a critical baseline for evaluating emission reduction strategies under the Minamata Convention, contribute to reducing global data gaps in underrepresented regions, and support the improvement of Hg biogeochemical models.