The emerging role of Raman spectroscopy in HIV research: A review

Raman spectroscopy harnesses inelastic light scattering to elucidate molecular vibrational modes and chemical composition with high specificity. Since its discovery, this non-invasive, label-free optical technique has been widely employed to interrogate the physical and chemical characteristics of diverse materials. Over the past two decades, its application in the life sciences has expanded substantially, enabling detailed molecular characterization in complex biological systems. Notably, Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for metabolic profiling in various disease contexts. This review critically evaluates the current and emerging applications of Raman spectroscopy in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The review summarizes recent advances in the use of this technique for HIV diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and monitoring of therapeutic responses, and identifies key opportunities where Raman-based methodologies could further enhance HIV disease management. Aim of review: The aim of this review is to highlight the advancements made in Raman spectroscopy-based HIV research. Key scientific concepts of review: This review specifically discusses Raman spectroscopy and its role in HIV. The review suggests that further developments of Raman spectroscopy could lead to advances in HIV research.