Species Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China: A Three-Year Retrospective Study

Purpose: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens with increasing clinical significance worldwide, yet regional epidemiological and drug susceptibility data remain limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution, demographic characteristics, and drug susceptibility of NTM infections in Nanjing, and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Patients and Methods: was ruled out by MPB64 antigen detection (immunochromatographic assay). Species identification was performed using either PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization or nanopore sequencing. Subsequently, in vitro drug susceptibility testing was conducted via the broth microdilution method. Results: mixed infection showed high macrolide resistance (>80%) but 80% susceptibility to linezolid (LZD). Conclusion: This study reveals distribution of NTM species in Nanjing Jiangsu Province China and distinct antimicrobial susceptibility profiles between single and mixed NTM infections, highlighting the clinical complexity of NTM disease, reinforce the necessity of species-level identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide individualized treatment and address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in clinical practice.