Photothermal Synergistic Catalysis of Cellulose Liquefaction by BiOCl‐g‐C ₃ N ₅ Heterojunction Photocatalysts: Enhanced Bio‐Oil Yield and Quality

, extending the photo responsive range of the photocatalyst to the visible light region, promoting the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, and optimizing the dispersion of active components. The effect of photocatalyst on the chemical composition and thermal stability of bio-oil was studied. The B/CN-1:2 photocatalyst achieved optimal performance, with a maximum yield of 61.23 • wt% for bio-oil, an higher heating value of 21.39 MJ/kg, and an energy conversion efficiency of 77.41%. Bio-oil is mainly composed of high-value compounds such as alcohols, esters, and ethers, with reduced heavy components and improved thermal stability. Mechanistic studies have shown that the photothermal synergistic effect of B/CN catalysts promotes the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds by generating reactive free radicals through the photodegradation of methanol. This work provides a feasible strategy for improving the efficiency and quality of biomass HTL by designing high-performance photothermal catalysts and offers new insights for the sustainable production of biofuels.