Assessing the effects of arctic darkness and extreme cold on seafarers’ fatigue and performance to develop resilience techniques

This research analyses the mental and physical effects of prolonged Arctic darkness and severe cold on the fatigue, performance, and resilience of seafarers, considering the increasing maritime activities in polar regions. The researchers gathered primary data using an extensive questionnaire with 23 questions, shared through the professional networks of 51 individuals, and conducted semi-structured interviews with four seafarers who had experience in Arctic conditions. Quantitative responses were examined with descriptive and inferential statistics, particularly Spearman’s correlation tests. Thematic analysis, based on Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework, was utilised on qualitative interview data to recognise patterns and contextual insights. Primary results show a statistically significant negative correlation between sleep quality and levels of fatigue, as well as a strong positive correlation between concentration in extended darkness and psychomotor decline in severe cold. About 40% of participants reported that Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) were not available onboard, and the presence of current FRMS did not significantly correlate with decreased fatigue. The study's results highlight the immediate need for regulatory revisions to ensure the safety and effectiveness of maritime activities in Arctic environments. The research suggests that updated FRMS tailored for the Arctic, improved PPE design, ergonomic modifications, compulsory fatigue training, and the integration of resilience strategies, such as mindfulness, light therapy, and adaptable work-rest patterns, are necessary. Moreover, revisions to the Polar Code and Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) convention are proposed to tackle the increasing Arctic challenges and enhance the safety and performance resilience of seafarers.