Spectrum of Geriatric Predominant Epithelial Malignancies in Western India: A Prospective Histopathological Analysis

Introduction Geriatric cancer is mostly diagnosed in elderly people in the age group of more than 60. Aging is the strongest predictor of cancer risk. Beyond the late 80s or around 90 years of age, the incidence of newly diagnosed cancers declines, while morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and other age-related conditions increase. Oral cancers represent one of the most common malignancies in this region and are also a major contributor to the global cancer burden. Methods In this study, biopsy samples were collected from patients aged 60 years and above who were diagnosed mainly with epithelial malignancies. These samples were examined at the histopathology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Rajkot, Western India. All specimens were routinely processed for microscopic evaluation, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in selected cases whenever additional confirmation was needed. Results In the present study, a total of 111 cases were studied. The maximum number of geriatric cancer cases was observed in the 60-65-year age group, comprising 55 cases (49.5%). The squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant malignancy, accounting for 65 (58.6%) of the total cases. This was followed by adenocarcinoma, which constituted 14 (12.6%) of the cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was utilized in selected cases based on diagnostic necessity. Conclusion The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the histopathological spectrum of geriatric cancers. These results may aid in improving diagnostic accuracy and support the development of more effective management strategies for cancer in the elderly population.