Chemiluminescent Nanoflower with Inherent Oxygen Vacancies for Coreactant-Free and Label-Free Immunoassay of pTau181

, named L012-Au-Fc nanoflower (LAF-NF). As a self-sufficient chemiluminescent microreactor, LAF-NF can efficiently catalyze adsorbed dissolved oxygen to generate strong, stable chemiluminescent emission without peroxide coreactants, achieving a 161-fold enhancement in the intensity over the L012 system. On this basis, a coreactant-free and label-free immunoassay for pTau181 using LAF-NF as the nanointerface was designed. The LAF-NF sensor achieved an ultrasensitive detection limit of 2.9 fg/mL and demonstrated excellent selectivity over total tau, theoretically eliminating immunoassay errors caused by epitope loss. This work offers a powerful platform for early Alzheimer's disease diagnostics.