Pre–Antiretroviral Therapy Vertical HIV-1 Transmission Risk in Uganda Varies by Sex of Child and Maternal Viral Subtype
We analyzed perinatal transmission in a pre-ART Ugandan cohort by maternal HIV-1 subtype and infant sex in 131 mother-child pairs. Among all children, if the mother was infected with subtype A there was a nearly 3-fold increased risk of perinatal transmission as compared to subtype D (RR=2.96, CI=1.46-6.01, p=0.008). When stratifying infants by both sex and maternal subtype, significantly more female (56.3% [9/16]) than male (9.1% [1/11]) infants born to mothers with subtype A were infected (RR = 6.19, CI=0.91-42.12, p=0.02). In contrast, among infants born to mothers with subtype D, transmission rates were comparable across sex (RR=1.59, CI=0.57-4.41, p=0.39).
Authors
- Eileen P. Scully (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-6051)
- Susanna L. Lamers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-5571)
- Reinaldo E. Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-6422)
- Victor Ssempijja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-6525)
- Andrew D. Redd (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-1423)
- S. R. M. Reynolds
- Gabriel Quiros
- Zoe Gotthold
- Oliver Laeyendecker
- M Kate Grabowski
- Ronald M Galiwango
- Godfrey Kigozi
- Michael Martin
- Gertrude Nakigozi
Institutions
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- 10X Genomics (United States) (US)
- Rakai Health Sciences Program (UG)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (US)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2026-04-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag198
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 15.94
Funders
- National Institutes of Health