The Futures of Royal Animals in Cameroon’s Grassfields: From Literary Imagination to Participatory Foresight

This paper draws on literary analysis and foresight or futures thinking to discuss the futures of royal (and sacred) animals in Cameroon’s Grassfields — a geo-cultural space covering mainly the Anglophone Northwest and Francophone West regions. In the indigenous kingdoms (fondoms) located within the western Grassfields of Cameroon, some nonhuman animals are reserved for royalty and/or are considered sacred. These animals—which include, among others, wild cats (cheetahs, leopards, lions, tigers); buffalos; elephants; porcupines; cowries; and birds like the Bannerman’s Turaco—are all threatened by the ongoing sixth mass extinction of biodiversity across the globe. This paper suggests that literary texts by some Anglophone Cameroonian writers foreground the extinction of wildlife in general and royal and sacred animals in particular. Such texts include Kenjo Jumbam’s Lukong and the Leopard (1978), J.K. Bannavti’s Leopard Watch (2011), Athanasius Nsahlai’s The Buffalo Rider (2008), and John Nkengasong’s Njogobi Festival (2012). The first part of this paper builds on postcolonial ecocriticism and narrative foresight to examine the literary representations of biodiversity extinction, especially royal and sacred animals, in Cameroon. And the second part presents visions, insights and recommendations from participatory foresight workshops that explored preferred futures for royal and sacred animals in Cameroon. The #CongoBasinFutures and #RoyalAnimalsFutures foresight workshops, facilitated online and onsite in Yaoundé (Cameroon), brought together a variety of stakeholders – including teachers, students, environmentalists, artists, journalists, farmers, and indigenous kings (fons) from the Northwest region. The preferred futures and recommendations from the workshops include, among others, breeding royal animals and creating special parks or reserves for them, promoting ecotourism, using artificial parts of royal animals, reinforcing environmental education and legislation, using arts and entertainment. Ultimately, the paper hopes to contribute in advancing Cameroonian and African perspectives on environmental futures in this Anthropocene and Capitalocene era of escalating global climate change and ecological crises.