Correlation of Histopathological Parameters With Molecular Markers in Carcinoma Endometrium

BACKGROUND: To assess the association between molecular markers and histopathological parameters in endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the Max Institute of Cancer Care, New Delhi, India, from January 2022 to May 2025, and included a total of 160 patients with EC. Molecular subtypes were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53, mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, and POLE mutation status, and classified as "no specific molecular profile" (NSMP) where applicable. Histopathological variables, including histological subtype, tumor grade, stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and lymph node status, were evaluated for association with molecular subtypes using chi-square statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant associations were observed between molecular subtypes and both histological type and LVSI. A strong correlation was noted between histopathological parameters and tumor grade (p<0.0001). However, no significant association was found between molecular subtypes and disease stage (p=0.136). POLE mutations were rare, identified in only 0.6% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical markers based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification show a strong correlation with established histopathological risk factors. Integrating molecular profiling into the routine diagnostic workup may improve prognostication and support personalized treatment strategies in EC.