Phytogenic Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using <i>Cucumis Sativus</i> Extract: Antibacterial, Wound Healing, and Photocatalytic Activities

) due to the copper-oxygen bond vibrations. SEM analysis revealed hexagonal plate-like and irregularly shaped NPs. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed Cu (43.83%) and O (28.44%) as the main elements. x-ray diffraction showed a monoclinic phase with a face-centred cubic structure and a mean crystallite size of 29.55 nm. Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial strains are more susceptible to CuO NPs than the cucumber extract. Both neomycin (15 mg/kg) and CuO NPs (5 mg/kg) healed the wound quickly. CuO NPs under solar irradiation efficiently degraded dyes such as methylene blue (94.4%), methyl orange (91.07%), and congo red (79.31%) within two hours. Thus, CuO NPs could be effectively used for biomedical and environmental applications.