Determination of the Photoelectric Properties of Ammonia Concentrations Using a USB-2000 Spectrometer

This study investigated the photoelectric properties of ammonia (NH₃) solutions at different concentrations using a USB-2000 spectrometer over the wavelength range of 340–540 nm. Five ammonia concentrations were prepared and analyzed for absorbance, transmittance, reflectance, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and optical energy gap. The results showed a pronounced absorption peak at 466 nm, with optical behavior varying according to concentration. Transmittance decreased and reflectance increased as concentration increased, while the absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient showed measurable changes across the visible region. The refractive index reached a maximum value of 1.0022 at the same wavelength for all samples. In addition, the optical energy gap slightly decreased from 2.4996 eV to 2.4902 eV as concentration decreased, indicating that ammonia concentration influences the optical and photoelectric characteristics of the prepared solutions. These findings confirm the usefulness of spectroscopic analysis for evaluating the optical properties of ammonia solutions.