LACDA: A Low-Cost Layered Autonomous Intercept Architecture Against Shahed-Class Loitering Munitions

This paper proposes a layered, low-cost counter-drone architecture designed to defeat Shahed-136 class loitering munitions at a fraction of current intercept costs. The system combines three components: a deployable acoustic detection tower using directional microphone arrays for early warning and target cueing; an autonomous vision-based intercept drone (AVID) that operates fully independently of GPS and uplink after initial launch cue; and a close-range shotgun-pattern terminal weapon as backup.The central architectural innovation is an offline-first autonomy model — the intercept drone degrades gracefully under electronic warfare by falling back entirely to onboard compute and camera-based pursuit, removing GPS spoofing and RF jamming as viable countermeasures. Estimated intercept cost is $300–800 per unit against a $20,000–50,000 target, representing a strategically significant asymmetric cost advantage.The concept is submitted as an independent technical contribution for timestamped prior art documentation.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19370303
Primary Topic
UAV Applications and Optimization
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

LACDA: A Low-Cost Layered Autonomous Intercept Architecture Against Shahed-Class Loitering Munitions

Adrin Zahmati
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
UAV Applications and Optimization
article

LACDA: A Low-Cost Layered Autonomous Intercept Architecture Against Shahed-Class Loitering Munitions

Adrin Zahmati
article en

Abstract

This paper proposes a layered, low-cost counter-drone architecture designed to defeat Shahed-136 class loitering munitions at a fraction of current intercept costs. The system combines three components: a deployable acoustic detection tower using directional microphone arrays for early warning and target cueing; an autonomous vision-based intercept drone (AVID) that operates fully independently of GPS and uplink after initial launch cue; and a close-range shotgun-pattern terminal weapon as backup.The central architectural innovation is an offline-first autonomy model — the intercept drone degrades gracefully under electronic warfare by falling back entirely to onboard compute and camera-based pursuit, removing GPS spoofing and RF jamming as viable countermeasures. Estimated intercept cost is $300–800 per unit against a $20,000–50,000 target, representing a strategically significant asymmetric cost advantage.The concept is submitted as an independent technical contribution for timestamped prior art documentation.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
UAV Applications and Optimization
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