The wounded healer paradox: perceived triggers of return to substance use and subsequent recovery among formal peer supporters

Abstract The present study examined the experiences of relapses among professional peer supporters, known as wounded healers, in the field of substance use treatment. Despite extensive research on relapses, little attention has been given to peer professionals in recovery and how they face setbacks in their own recoveries. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study examined the perceived factors trigger relapses and the pathways back to recovery as narrated by men and women with histories of substance use and criminal justice involvement who formally held formal peer support roles. Key findings reveal that disconnection from NA's 12-step program and others in recovery often initiated relapses, alongside early romantic relationships and insufficient recovery commitment. While empowering, the dual identity of peer professional also exposes unresolved personal issues, leading to the "savior-rescuer paradox". However, lessons from relapses enhance resilience and deepen recovery commitment. The findings highlight relapses as a learning process rather than failure, emphasizing the role of recovery capital in sustaining long-term recovery. Rooted in the convict therapy perspective, the study advances the understanding of relapse dynamics and offers insights into relapse prevention strategies and peer support in the field of substance use treatment.