Modelling post-traumatic stress disorder–major depressive disorder comorbidity in rats: impaired α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor signalling is consistent with synergistic behavioural and cognitive deficits

The SPS&S + CUMS paradigm successfully induces core features of PTSD + MDD comorbidity and demonstrates robust validity. The observed alterations in AMPAR-related molecules are strictly characterized as significant correlates of the comorbid state, suggesting their potential involvement in the underlying pathophysiology. These findings identify AMPAR-related signalling as a promising correlative molecular signature, providing a necessary foundation for future investigations using region-specific manipulations to establish definitive causal links.