Protocol development for an efficient digitization of palaeontological heritage: The case of Camp dels Ninots fossil site (Spain)

The Camp dels Ninots site (NE Iberian Peninsula) preserves an exceptional record of small vertebrates, often embedded in fragile lithologies that challenge traditional conservation and study methods. Digital technologies, especially microcomputed tomography and structured-light scanning, offer a powerful alternative to handle, document, archive and easily share this fragile material. The application of these techniques in palaeontological heritage is not a novelty; however, their implementation can be highly beneficial in lithological contexts where exceptional preservation, such as anatomical articulation, discourages disarticulation. In this study, we evaluate and compare two different three-dimensional (3D) digitization techniques applied to microfaunal remains from Camp dels Ninots site, proposing a methodological protocol tailored to their preservation conditions and scientific potential. This protocol could facilitate the assessment process for the proper extraction, preparation, and digitization of fossil remains in sites with similar lithological conditions. As a result, the use of necessary resources is simplified to achieve greater efficiency. Beyond the technical dimension, this manuscript argues for a broader framework that links digitization to geoconservation, promoting the safeguarding of palaeontological heritage through non-invasive strategies. At the same time, the resulting 3D models are made openly available in public repositories, aligning with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles and contributing to Open Science. These virtual replicas also open new avenues for educational and museographic use, fostering scientific literacy and public engagement with heritage. By combining methodological rigor with social impact, our work highlights the transformative role of digital tools in the conservation, dissemination and valorisation of palaeontological heritage.