Diseases of bile duct. Cholangitis, bile duct injury, choledochal cyst

Diseases of the bile duct, including Cholangitis, Bile duct injury, and Choledochal cyst, are important causes of obstructive jaundice and hepatobiliary morbidity, often presenting with abdominal pain, jaundice, and systemic features of infection or inflammation. Cholangitis typically results from biliary obstruction leading to ascending infection and requires urgent antibiotic therapy and biliary decompression, whereas bile duct injury, most commonly occurring as a complication of cholecystectomy, may lead to bile leakage or strictures requiring endoscopic or surgical management. Choledochal cysts are congenital anomalies associated with bile duct dilatation and carry a risk of recurrent infections and malignancy, necessitating early diagnosis and definitive surgical excision. Prompt recognition and appropriate intervention are essential to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.