Differing Ambient Particle Composition and Oxidative Toxicity in 12 Cities in Inner Mongolia: Reference for Regional Optimized Air Pollution Control

) affected OP both directly and synergistically with chemical components. Our findings revealed that PM components varied greatly among cities; thus, a shift from mass-based toward composition- and source-oriented risk assessment transferable frameworks is badly needed. The protocol and data obtained here can be followed by other regions in an effort to optimize health return and economic cost during air pollution control strategies.