Boundary Objects for Transdisciplinary Research: Conceptual Advances from Pesticide-Free Territories in Ecuador

Transdisciplinary Research (TDR) leverages shared concepts to foster mutual learning among diverse stakeholders, relying on “boundary objects” to shape collective identities and visions. However, the existing literature often overlooks the critical roles of subjectivity and conflict in this process. This paper introduces an analytical framework to examine the construction of these objects, using the “Oasis Project” in the Ecuadorian Andes as a central case study. A research-action project on pesticide-free territories in Ecuador unearthed a question during its implementation on how to achieve collective action when key actors are in conflict with each other. Using TDR to find boundary objects where different viewpoints can find shared meaning, it was determined that there is not enough conceptual clarity in the literature around how conflict can actually help achieve coordination. Using a variety of qualitative methods, such as interviews, participatory observation, and analysis of WhatsApp group message texts, this study shows how the novel concepts of boundary entanglements and conflicts can help other researchers and practitioners facilitate impactful TDR. This study emphasizes three transformative lessons for sustainability science: first, boundary objects are inherently dynamic, evolving through continuous social negotiation rather than static definition; second, their successful consolidation requires deep integration into local knowledge systems, cultural norms, and governance structures; and third, and perhaps most critically, conflict and operational breakdowns are not indicators of failure; rather, they serve as vital diagnostic tools that unveil hidden power relations and epistemic boundaries, providing essential moments for critical reflection and the recalibration of collaborative sustainability strategies.