CubeSats Reach the Millisecond X-Ray Domain: Crab Pulsar Timing with SpIRIT/HERMES
Abstract The High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites (HERMES) instrument is a compact X-/gamma-ray spectrometer operating on board the 6U (11 kg) Space Industry–Responsive–Intelligent–Thermal (SpIRIT) CubeSat. The payload is particularly well suited for the observation of cosmic transients such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and bright pulsars thanks to its unique broadband sensitivity from a few keV to a few MeV and temporal resolution down to half a microsecond. We report the detection of the ∼33 ms double-peaked pulse profile of the Crab Pulsar, obtained by considering the canonical Crab ephemerides as provided by the Jodrell Bank catalog. We collected approximately 5.7 × 10 4 photons from 730 s of observations in the 3 keV–2 MeV energy band during a single operation, achieving a 5 σ pulse-profile significance in the 3–11.5 keV energy band with millisecond-scale binning. These results demonstrate that SpIRIT/HERMES can achieve millisecond timing accuracy at high energies and, thanks to its wide field of view and broad energy coverage, has the potential to contribute to GRB monitoring in the near future. Such capabilities were previously the domain of flagship observatories, underscoring the performance of the HERMES instrument even with its compact form factor.
Authors
- P. Bellutti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-3654)
- Giuseppe Dilillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-9821)
- A. Riggio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-9224)
- Marco Citossi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-234X)
- Robert Mearns (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1843-6139)
- A. Vacchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-5856)
- Alessio Nuti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-2355)
- Giovanni Della Casa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1077-3875)
- James Morgan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-5032)
- F. Ficorella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-1193)
- Simone Pirrotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-8937)
- Riccardo Crupi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6714-5161)
- Barbara Negri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-1566)
- Jack McRobbie
- Airlie Chapman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-552X)
- L. Burderi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-891X)
- Roberto Bertacin
- David Novel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-0676)
- Paolo Nogara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-3844)
- Raffaele Piazzolla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-6919)
- G. Bertuccio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-021X)
- A. Anitra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-2998)
- G. Pepponi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-1946)
- R. Iaria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-0927)
- G. La Rosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3931-2269)
- W. Leone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-3370)
- Tianxiang Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-3672)
- Matteo Perri
- Fabrizio Fiore
- S. Trevisan
- C. Tenzer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-212X)
- Andrea Santangelo
- M. Fiorini
- A. Hudrap
- M. Dafčíková
- G. Molera Calvés
- P. Malcovati
- N. Gao
- G. Morgante
- G. Cabras
- F. Ceraudo
- Y. Tao
- G. Zampa
- T. di Salvo
- F. Russo
- M. Ortiz del Castillo
- A. Guzman
- M. Trenti
- S. Pliego Caballero
- E. J. Marchesini
- I. Rashevskaya
- G. Sottile
- S. Zhang
- R. Campana
- E. Demenev
- N. Zampa
- N. Zorzi
- S. Xiong
- Y. Evangelista
- S. Puccetti
- E. O’Brien
- F. Mele
- C. Labanti
- A. Rachevski
- M. Thomas
- A. Picciotto
- S. Yi
- A. Woods
- P. Hedderman
- G. Baroni
- M. Feroci
Institutions
- University of Udine (IT)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of Trento (IT)
- Masaryk University (CZ)
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler (IT)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Astronomical Observatory of Rome (IT)
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (IT)
- Trieste Astronomical Observatory (IT)
- Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT)
- University of Maribor (SI)
- Beijing Shijingshan Hospital (CN)
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (DE)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Cagliari (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste (IT)
- National Institute for Astrophysics (IT)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Politecnico di Milano (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2026-04-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5059
- Primary Topic
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00