Gastrointestinal disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus: A practical guide for primary care

Gastrointestinal disorders are common in patients with diabetes mellitus and can be linked to diabetes itself, its complications, or medications used to treat it. These disorders include gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, enteropathy manifesting clinically with constipation or diarrhea, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Timely diagnosis and management of these disorders can improve patients' quality of life. The authors provide clinically practical advice on when and how to screen for common diabetes-related gastrointestinal disorders and review the management of these disorders in the primary care setting.