School-based screening for scoliosis and foot biomechanical abnormalities: a study of prevalence, plantar pressure, and gait among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and foot biomechanical disorders are significant public health concerns, impacting physical function and quality of life. Despite national screening mandates, regional data remain sparse. Methods: We conducted a school-based screening study to investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and foot-related biomechanical abnormalities among adolescents in Haidian District, Beijing, China. A total of 1,419 participants (739 males and 680 female) from primary and middle schools underwent spinal and plantar health assessments using standardized protocols, including the Adams forward bend test with a scoliometer, Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6), and static/dynamic plantar pressure analysis. Results: < 0.001], peaking sharply at school entry (62.7% in 1st grade) and then declining rapidly through elementary school. Prevalence stabilized during middle adolescence, with a non-significant apparent rebound in the small 12th-grade sample requiring cautious interpretation. Conclusions: Key findings highlight the need for early and targeted interventions within school health programs. A gender-stratified approach is recommended: implementing gender-sensitive screening for scoliosis, while adopting universal promotion measures for foot health. Specific priorities include increasing flatfoot screening frequency among 1st-2nd grade boys and enhancing posture-related health education for adolescent girls during key transitional growth phases. These strategies aim to mitigate long-term musculoskeletal complications.